Marketing Plan †Halal Diet in the United States

Marketing Strategy The Halal diet is consumed mostly by the Muslims in different countries of the world. The diet has been accepted in various countries, and this makes it popular in many countries where Islamic faith is practiced. Countries advocating for religion diversity, such as the United States, have accepted the use of such products in their markets.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Marketing Plan – Halal Diet in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that the product is not limited to Muslim countries but also other countries globally (Brazin, 2006). For this reason, the diet is intended to be marketed across the religious and other sects in the United States. The diet is to be marketed across different eating cultures. This means that the diet is to be marketed to Muslims and people of other religions because it helps in weight loss reduction. The health benefits of the product will make it acceptable by other religions, cultures, communities and countries. Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) has been an efficient method of accessing and maintaining a product in the market (Shimp, 2010). Firms use IMC to improve their market position by delivering the important information that consumers might require. The marketers also collect important information about the behavior of consumers. This helps develop products which match the needs of the customers. On the other hand, the consumers are able to deliver the information they feel is important about the products being offered in the market by the company. The major importance of IMC is that it makes a product to have a stronger competitive advantage in the market (Shimp, 2010). This strategy will be adopted in the marketing of the Halal Diet in the United States. Since Halal Diet is not a new product in the market, the difference has to be brought about in order to make distinction from the norma l Halal diet in the market. Therefore, issues that will be given maximum attention in strategizing the marketing process are: branding and advertising, promotional activities, budgeting and media rationale and publicizing of the diet.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first thing will be the branding of the diet since it will give the diet the aspect of uniqueness in the market (Franzen Moriarty, 2009). The diet will have a single brand name which is ‘Special Halal Diet for Weight Loss.’ This name will be enclosed in a caption on a packet in which the diet will be packaged for delivery. The color of the packages will differ for the vegetarian diet and for the non-vegetarian diet, and this will be written on the packet for ease of differentiation. This is because the diet is meant for customers with differing consumption habits. A clear distinction has to be made when packaging and branding in order to make it easy for the customers to identify their taste of the diet. Since the diet will be introduced as a new product in the market, massive advertising is required in order to make the product known to the market (Ishikawa Tsujimoto, 2008). Advertisement will be done through the internet, the radio and the television and posters. The internet will be used because modern marketing embraces the use of e-marketing; which has proven to be very effective because many people in the United States have adopted e-shopping and marketing (Kurtz, 2011). In addition, most people in the US have access to the internet, and the internet also gives a room for explaining the diet to the customers in a quite detailed manner. Amazon.com, which is one of the widely used marketing and advertising websites, will be used in advertising the Halal diet. Television and radio are also common tools of advertisement, and adverts of the diet will be aired on the radio and the television in order to reach more customers who do not visit the internet regularly. Moreover, the products will be posted on the billboards and posters in order to instantaneously alert people of the diet. Mission For any business to grow, it has to have a strong vision and mission which are the guiding factors that always put the business on truck. The vision of this business is â€Å"preparing high quality and healthy food for all Americans.† The mission of the Halal Diet business is â€Å"preparing and delivering of quality and healthy diet for all Americans.†Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Marketing Plan – Halal Diet in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The objectives of the business are to produce food that cuts across the cultural divides of America, making food that is healthy for the population and which will help in addressing the healthy and c onsumption needs of all Americans. In summary, the mission and objectives of this business centers on marketing across cultures, addressing the modern health needs of the customers in the diet and addressing different eating habits of the customers. These three diversities are important and will help the firm in capturing a big market for the business; and therefore propel the growth of the business in the United States. This diet intends to help customers tackle the problem of overweight, thus as they continuously consume the product and achieve this goals, they will yearn for more diet. Also, both vegetarians and non-vegetarians will have their needs captured by the business, making it to have a more competitive advantage more so over the normal halal diet. Marketing Objectives The objectives of marketing the Halal Diet are as follows: The first objective is to introduce the new Halal Diet to the customers in the market. As such, the main aim is defining the diet to the customers in order for them to know that such a diet exists in the market. Advertisement and promotional activities will be greatly deployed to see that this objective is fulfilled. The second objective is the familiarization of the diet in the market. After customers have known that such a diet exists in the market, it is important to make them get used to all the aspects of this diet which include the different tastes and flavors of the diet and the benefits that come from eating the diet. The third objective is to promote the sales of the diet. The sales of the product will be largely dependent on the marketing strategies used in achieving both the first and the second objective.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Putting in place efficient and effective marketing strategies will automatically lead to the achievement of this objective. More sales will be gained through effective application of public relations by the firm and the manner in which the business will carry out its corporate social responsibility (Pride Ferrell, 2011). Financial Objectives Just like any other business, this marketing plan has financial implications. The ultimate goal of marketing the halal diet is familiarizing the diet to the customers which will help the product to be known and purchased by these customers, thereby helping advance sales and increase the earnings from the business. Huge sums of money will go to branding, packaging and advertisement of the diet to the potential customers. Since the US is a very big country in size, it will be very costly to market the diet in the whole country at a go. To limit the cost of marketing, the diet will be marketed in different phases. The first phase which is the dete rminant one will take place in one state – New York. Thus, owing to this fact, it is only the Internet advertisement which will cover the whole country. The posters and billboards advertising the diet will only be used in the city of New York. Promotional activities which are equally important in introducing a product to customers will be confined to the city of New York. Once the diet has been sufficiently marketed in the State of New York, it will be easy for access the markets in other states. Sufficient marketing will be determined by observing the number of customers and the amount of sales that are made in the state of New York. This progress will be assessed after every quarter; that is after every three months and adjustments made at after every quarter depending on the marketing achievements that will have been made. Target Market(s) The target market for the Halal diet is so diverse. The diversification is aimed at going beyond the market of the prevailing Halal die t. The advantage of this diet is that it will traverse the religious lines, thus it is expected to attract more customers. The diet is meant for the youths, the adult people as well as the aged population. There is also the special category of people; that is people who have overweight and obese cases. The cases of obesity in the city of New York have been rising since the year 2000 (City University of New York, 2007). The diet will be made known to these customers through the advertisement that will be done. Potential customers will be given a chance to order for the diet. Customers will order for the products online or come to the established restaurants and order for the product from there. Customers will make a choice of either having the food delivered to their homes or get it direct from the restaurants. References Brazin, L. R. (2006). Internet Guide to Medical Diets and Nutrition. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth press Inc. City University of New York. (2007). Reversing the Diabe tes and Obesity Epidemics in New York City: A call to action to confront a public health, economic and moral threat to New York City’s future. Web. Franzen, G., Moriarty, S. E. (2009). The science and art of branding. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe. Ishikawa, A., Tsujimoto, A. (2008). Creative marketing for new product and new business development. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific. Kurtz, D. L. (2011). Contemporary marketing. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Pride, W. M., Ferrell, O. C. (2011). Foundations of marketing. Mason, OH: South Western Cengage Learning. Shimp, T. A. (2010). Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. This term paper on Marketing Plan – Halal Diet in the United States was written and submitted by user Kallie Riggs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Frankenstein

The novel, Frankenstein, contains a number of pressing issues that exposed tragedies in the lives of characters. Victor has found himself at a point where he isnt sure of the correct decision to make. Ultimately, he had to decide to do one thing or another, and it is left to the reader to determine whether or not it was the right choice. Simply developing the creature was an intricate decision, but it led to even more difficult choices. An easily identifiable situation in Victors life was if he should create a mate for the monster. Upon encountering his child, Victor is given the opportunity to rid himself of the creation. It is simple, seemingly. Just create a mate and everyone will live happily ever after, hopefully. The monster makes the promise, trustworthy I believe, that if a companion were made for him, he would take her to the farthest end of the Earth and live there peaceably. If this wish were not fulfilled, Victor would suffer measurable consequences. Almost without consideration, Victor agrees and goes to work. Several things cross his mind during the process that forces him to reevaluate the circumstances. It is considered that maybe he wont keep his promise and choose stay a part of his creators life. This was possibly the least worrisome factor. Next, perhaps the female would not accept the creation, or vice versa. In this case, the effort would be a waste and the life of the creator unchanged from its horrid state. Probably the most compelling reason behind the ultimate decision was th! e concern that the two would breed, multiply, and soon there would be a race of devils. Of course, on the flip side of things, everything could have worked out perfectly and the entire family could have sustained a normal life, with the exception of the deaths of William and Justine. As we know, the second project was destroyed because of the possible results mentioned above. Victor...

Keynes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Keynes - Essay Example nce these conflicts usually come to an end †¦ It is only in the field of economics that the state of war seems to persist and remain permanent.† (Dillard, 1948) This observation by Knut Wicksell is perfectly applicable to the impact and interest Keynesian economics has generated in the last seventy years or so. The rest of this essay is an attempt to assess the impact made by the Keynesian school of thought in the context of international economy. John Maynard Keynes’ seminal work, the General Theory, has had a profound effect on the way macroeconomic thought had evolved ever since. It divided the fraternity of economists into two groups. On one side were those who believed that a capitalist market economy does not need governmental interference as it is intrinsically regulated by underlying price mechanisms. The other group questioned this supposed self-equilibrating economy’s ability to minimize unemployment rates. This was a widely debated topic during the 1950s and 1960s. Ironically, economists resorted to the neoclassical analysis for settling this argument. As it stands, some form of reconciliation seem to have been achieved between the two viewpoints, but not a convincing one. The economic mechanism behind unemployment rates is of interest to both politicians and businesses alike (Dillard, 1948). In this context, Keynes had made a significant contribution in deciphering and helping understand these key ec onomic processes that concern public representatives and common citizens. To quote, â€Å"The theoretical debate relating to the consistency of macroeconomic equilibrium with an excess supply of labour appeared to have been won by supporters of the invisible hand view, but as a practical matter it was accepted that the self-righting properties of the market were too weak and needed the helping hand of fiscal and monetary policies in order to achieve and maintain the primary stated objective of full employment. Keynesians of all persuasions

Reference library on memory management Research Paper

Reference library on memory management - Research Paper Example Apart from many advantages, virtual memory and paging have various disadvantages as well. One of the challenges is the extra resource consumption, i.e. overhead for saving page tables in the memory (Null & Lobur, 2010). In environments where numerous applications are operating, the page table occupies a significant part of the physical memory. However, this challenge can be addressed by paging the page tables; this is a complex and confusing task (Null & Lobur, 2010). These challenges are not significant as compared to benefits of virtual memory and paging offers. Advantages of virtual memory and paging are easy to understand. For instance, programs are not limited to the physical memory present on the system, as virtual memory allows executing individual programs possessing larger virtual address space when compared to available physical memory (Null & Lobur, 2010). This process helps the programmers to avoid worrying about physical address space boundaries. Moreover, virtual memory also facilitates multi-tasking by executing more than one program simultaneously, and, as a result, system throughput and CPU utilization enhance. The limited size of pages and frames eases the tasks for placement and allocation for the operating system. Moreover, the paging process facilitates the operating system to protect and share the page on specific permissions (Null & Lobur, 2010). ... Moreover, the physical memory remains intact and is not divided into any sort of fixed or equal size partition. Whenever there is a requirement of copying a segment in the physical memory, free memory is analyzed by the operating system, and after finding a chunk it is adequate enough to store an entire segment (Null & Lobur, 2010). Likewise, every segment possesses a base address that provides an indication of its location in the memory along with bound limits reflecting its size. Now every program incorporating various segments is now linked to a segment table instead of a page table. Likewise, the segment table incorporates the assembly of base for every segment (Jipping, 2007). The role of virtual memory in smart phone operating systems is also vital. For programming and designing virtual memory for a smart phone operating system, logical-segment addresses and physical-segment- addresses is the prime focus. Likewise, the segments are tagged with numbers, and these tags are incorp orated within a logical address. For instance, a typical address format will be a , in which the segment number is the starting part of the address and the offset is identified as the last part of the address. Memory Management Technique for Paging on Distributed Shared Memory Framework The two analogous computer classes, i.e. shared memory and distributed memory, are symbolized by the DSM Systems (Hine, Mitrani, Tsur, & Gaines, 1979). This system works by providing shared memory generalizing in the system that further physically distributes the memory and thus combines the rewards of both the approaches. In fact, the DSM system is described as a memory system that physically distributes but is

The Impact of Oil Prices on Economies of OPEC Countries Essay

The Impact of Oil Prices on Economies of OPEC Countries - Essay Example This research paper presents exploratory study, that deals with the overall economic issues, that OPEC countries face in the world economy. The purpose of the paper was to study the overall impacts of oil on OPEC countries. This research had followed a quantitative approach, as the collection of quantitative data is essential for developing a stronger academic framework. United States, Europe, and Japan all are desperate to lessen reliance on oil for safety and ecological reasons. The ways that have been projected are dual: fuel replacement for nuclear or more competent usages of energy. Some advancement has been realized on both fronts. But the cutbacks required mitigating the dependence on oil from Iran, Venezuela, and other OPEC states are further than what can be gained in the short or medium-term. Economists developed variety of theories about the role of OPEC nations in wielding its influence on the marketplace, whether through the self-governing projects of individual associates, via actions and plans commenced by semi-autonomous alliances functioning within the huge groups, or through combined plans cuddled and carried out by the organization en bloc. It is a question, whether OPEC has ever worked effectively in the way of a typical ‘interest group’. Still, OPEC nations have limited production in approaches that are not related to the domestic dearth of oil The American shift in paradigm toward alternative fuels causes some concern in OPEC countries that can see America’s demands lessen over a period of time.

Iran Domestic Politics and Nuclear Choices

Iran Domestic Politics and Nuclear Choices Iran’s Military and Nuclear Capabilities Worldwide enthusiasm for Iran was elevated significantly in the late spring of 2002, when the presence of two nuclear destinations was uncovered and understood that Iran had assembled or was building everything expected to deliver enhanced uranium, which could fuel nuclear weapons and in addition nuclear reactors. A pilot uranium plant at Natanz and a business scale enhancement. Starting in March 2003, after disclosures that Iran had hidden nuclear work from the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Agency has been researching Irans nuclear history (AbuZayyad, 2010). Iran was allegedly utilizing fortified materials and burrowing profound underground to store atomic parts with an end goal to secure them in the occasion of an assault. Open reports recommend Iranian offices are presently so profound underground just the biggest dugout buster sort bombs could harm them and the United States is the main nation that has these weapons. Iran likewise constructed a system of passages and redesigned its air safeguards to shield its atomic offices from conceivable assaults (iranwatch.org, 2012). Iran has likewise redesigned its seaward abilities. In November 2012, the Iranian Navy divulged two new submarines and two rocket-propelling warships. Prior, Iranian authorities had said they wanted to plan atomic controlled submarines, which could empower the naval force to keep the subs on watch for more periods and separations. This new ability is seen as a potential risk to the vital adjust in the Persian Gulf and, hence, to the United States and the West. Iran additionally can request its intermediaries in Lebanon, Hezbollah, and associates in Gaza, Hamas, to flame rockets at Israel from the north and south to rebuff Israel. The risk of doing as such is additionally intended to prevent Israel. Israel, in any case, has officially made clear that any assaults from Lebanon would be met with a serious reaction and the Lebanese government is not restless to be dragged into another war by Hezbollah. Correspondingly, Hamas may be hesitant to incite Israel to mount an expansive scale operation in Gaza that would further debilitate its position. In September 2013, Iran and Oman marked a guard collaboration accord; however, that is not prone to have an effect on Irans capacity to assault or protect itself (jewishvirtuallibrary.org, 2015). Politics behind the nuclear Program One of the focal incongruities about Iran is that its dubious atomic project has turned into a characterizing political issue, despite the fact that large portions of the programs points of interest stay covered in mystery. Tehran is open about its journey to get quiet atomic vitality to serve a populace that has multiplied subsequent to the 1979 unrest. Be that as it may the religious government intensely denies any enthusiasm for adding to an atomic weapon—even as it brags about its developing capacity to advance uranium, an ability that can be utilized to create power or for a weapons program (iranintelligence.com, 2015). Actually, Iran does not yet need to improve; following Russia is giving the fuel to the new reactor it manufactured in Bushehr. Tehran counters that it has the privilege to improve uranium as a signatory to the NPT. It additionally means to construct extra reactors and says it would like to be subject to remote forces for fuel. At the same time following 2002, global suspicions about Irans long haul plans have developed in light of disclosures by different governments or Iranian outcast gatherings that it has constructed mystery offices that could be utilized for a weapons program. The Islamic Republic has just recognized them afterward. Also, as of mid-2010, Tehran had still not gave full insights about its projects to the International Atomic Energy Agency, as it is likewise needed to do under the NPT (Barzegar, 2014). Iran seems to have needed to begin a mystery program for a few reasons, from its experience amid Iran-Iraq War to the way that five of the worlds nine atomic forces are close-by or on its outskirts. In the meantime, it likewise seems to have embraced a method of atomic supporting or keeping up the choice of a weapons project, while attempting to stay inside the atomic settlement. In any case, the divulgences somewhere around 2002 and 2009 about its mystery offices and the consequent worldwide weight have transformed the project into a major political issue at home. In the effectively strained environment after debated 2009 presidential races, Irans atomic system turned into a political issue that set the hardline administration against both moderates and the Green Movement restriction (Barzegar, 2014). Irans atomic weapons project was a piece of a more extensive endeavor to wind up more independent in arms and innovation in the 1980s. Progressively disconnected, Tehran attempted to gain arms to battle Iraq, which utilized substance weapons and had an atomic weapons program. The eight-year war was the Middle Easts bloodiest advanced clash. Irans atomic project was an outgrowth of this experience (Barzegar, 2014). The project might likewise have been a side effect of the grieved insurgencys inescapable requirement for authenticity and Iranian patriotisms journey for admiration and universal status. Tehran has long looked for access to atomic innovation for the most part as a key to improvement and a method for restoring its previous enormity as an inside of exploratory advancement. The religious government seems to have further dove in its heels because of a recognition that the outside world is attempting to deny innovation and oppressing a nation that—dissimilar to Israel, Pakistan and India—marked the worldwide settlement on non-expansion. The administration sees the universal groups manages as an assault on an establishing standard of the transformation, to be specific Irans autonomy from outside impact or intercession (Barzegar, 2014). Irans atomic system unfolded in setting of its general governmental issues. Since the 1979 upset, Irans political world class has long been partitioned over how the religious government ought to advance and what worldwide part it ought to seek after. Past expansive ideas, for example, autonomy, independence and social equity, agreement has demonstrated slippery even three decades after the Islamic Republics introduction to the world. The most fundament distinction is whether Iran ought to proceed as a progressive state willing to challenge the world, or whether it ought to settle down and turn into a typical state that plays by universal guidelines. The atomic issue is progressively an impression of this fundamental division. All through the programs initial stages, there had all the earmarks of being a general accord among the political world class about the need or right to continue. In any case, by 2005, the accord had all the earmarks of being disintegrating. Rival groups in Irans political maze started to scrutinize the atomic programs expenses and centrality to Irans improvement objectives. Irans atomic project had turned into a local political football (iranwatch.org, 2012). For general society, the atomic program additionally at first appreciated expansive prevalent backing since it guaranteed vitality autonomy and exploratory advancement. It was likewise prevalent in light of the fact that the administration delineated it as an attestation of Irans rights against remote haughtiness. Anyhow, the system has not been subjected to educated verbal confrontation or open discourse about its definitive objectives, the expenses, and the association with Irans different goals. Agreement closes where specifics start (iranwatch.org, 2012). The three phases of politics talks over nuclear Iran Phase one: Period of consensus1987-2002 The time of greatest accord on Irans atomic project spread over 15 years. The restoration of the shahs atomic system was at first introduced as important to broaden vitality sources. Atomic innovation was compared as front line for advancement and basic for any in regards to toward oneself force. Anyhow, the administration just displayed a method of reasoning for vitality; it did not recognize whatever weapons propositions it had. The system advanced gradually amid this stage, as Iran experienced issues of association and becoming acquainted with innovation that must be procured stealthily abroad. The United States, effectively careful about Irans weapons propositions, tried to square its entrance to any atomic innovation. Humorously, the administration may have gotten a support from cover United States resistance, which stretched out to the development of a light-water reactor at Bushehr that Washington had endorsed when the shah was in force. Irans endeavors to dodge worldwide restriction, which included buys from the Pakistan system run by Khan, were never talked about locally (essayforum.com, 2007). Phase two: Early controversy  2003-2005 All through this period, the nuclear system was largely a worry of Irans political elites. The Supreme National UN SC in fact went about as the body that mirrored all political propensities. Its choices subsequently professedly mirrored a national accord (iranwatch.org, 2012). The 2002 disclosure about Irans development of an undeclared improvement office at Natanz put Tehran on edge. The exposure agreed with United States worry about the spread of weapons of mass pulverization to maverick administrations and fanatic systems. To abstain from intensifying the issue, the reformist administration of President Mohammad Khatami won understanding in the Supreme National UN SC to meet global concerns midway. Iran consented to apply the NPTs Additional Protocol without confirming it, which allowed stricter universal assessments. It likewise consented to intentionally suspended enhancement for a restricted however unspecified time (essayforum.com, 2007). Irans following arrangements with Britain, France and Germany demonstrated useless and added to shared suspicions. With the United States military engrossed in Iraq, the danger of military activity against Iran subsided. However, hardliners who picked up control of Irans parliament in 2004 started scrutinizing reformists for being too delicate on the United States for trading off Irans hobbies. In 2005, recently chose President Ahmadinejad, upheld by Irans preeminent pioneer, started enhancing uranium once more. The arrangement with the Europeans was shut down (iranwatch.org, 2012). Phase three: Deep divisions2005-2010 Irans nuclear project has to be progressively political amid this stage. Starting 2005, both the official branch and parliament were overwhelmed by hardliners and preservationists. Both Ahmadinejad and Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei utilized the nuclear issue to defame reformists, portraying them as defeatists willing to arrange away Irans hobbies. Their utilization of the nuclear issue as an instrument of fanatic governmental issues finished the stage when the nuclear project should be a national issue. In addition, verbal confrontation was effectively disheartened. Yet the nuclear issue steadily slipped from the hands of the tiptop to the road. Among hardliners, Ahmadinejads populist revives included regularly organized serenades for Irans nuclear rights. The president reported that Irans nuclear system was similar to a train without brakes, not vulnerable to redirection by outside weight. Slogans, stamps, banknotes and awards have to be substitutes for educated examination (essayforum.com, 2007). Two variables prodded extreme backfire and a response on the opposite side of the road. First, the United Nations forced a progression of U.N. resolutions somewhere around 2006 and 2010 that included correctional assents. The United States and the European Union forced significantly harder one-sided authorizations. For the Iranian open, the expenses of proceeded with resistance got to be progressively clear and muddled everyday life (essayforum.com, 2007). Second, Irans debated 2009 decision won by Ahmadinejad in the midst of across the board assertions of extortion started the biggest dissents against the administration since the 1979 upset. Another Green Movement resistance was conceived. Numerous progressives likewise had developing worries about the populist hardline president, especially his monetary blunder. Irans new political abyss rapidly started to play on the nuclear issue. Four months after the decision, Ahmadinejad consented to a United States supported interval assertion intended to facilitate strains and open the route for more extensive transactions on Irans long haul program. Pioneers

Female Political Candidacy :: Politics Political Science

Female Political Candidacy Abstract Factors which influence female political candidacy were investigated. The results indicated significant gender differences on the following hypotheses: H1: Female and male political leaders will differ in their uses of interpersonal power; H2: Female and male political leaders will identify different motivations in seeking public office; and, H3: Female and male political leaders will differ in their perception of barriers to participation as political candidates. The secondary perspective of race was also considered but was not found to be a significant barrier to female candidacy. This significantly predictive model has regional and international implications, and future studies will tested it comparatively by state and region to affirm its generalizability. Female Political Candidacy: A Racial and Gender Perspective This study examines the use of interpersonal power by females in elected political positions, the factors that influence women to run for elected office, and the barriers that hinder female candidacy. Drawing from three areas of gender difference - women and development (IWPR, 2000), institutionalization of power relationships (Parsons, 1969), and socialization of gender roles (Bennett and Bennett, 1999; Lindsey, 1997) - the research focuses on women in elected political leadership positions using a comparison of women and men matched by elected positions in the State of Mississippi, USA. The hypotheses were: H1: Female and male political leaders will differ in their uses of interpersonal power; H2: Female and male political leaders will identify different motivations in seeking public office; and, H3: Female and male political leaders will differ in their perception of barriers to participation as political candidates. The secondary perspective of race is evaluated using statis tical methods on a non-matched comparison of African Americans and Caucasians who responded to the gender study. Economic arguments and incentives for policy supporting broad-based political representation are numerous. There is widespread acceptance that peoples who have little political voice are overlooked in the distribution of public goods and have less access to education and health. Kenworthy and Malami (1999) note that representative critical mass necessary for females as a social group to exert a substantial influence on politics is considered to be 30% of a legislative body, while Harvard sociologist Rosabeth Moss Kantor puts representation at closer to 50% to make a difference in the culture of an institution (Ivins, 2001). The United States Agency for International Development notes that while almost all peoples around the world, specifically women, have a legal right to vote, actual female participation is inhibited by cultural, social, economic, legal and educational constraints (USAID Fact Sheet, 1997).

Theresa Kennedy Instructor

The business plan I chose was a child care services business plan titled Kid’s Community College, this business plan is very well thought out and provides much strength. The owner/proprietor has seventeen years of executive management experience, budgeting experience, and has a lot of knowledge in advanced technology. The industry consultant is relied upon for industry expertise and offers insight regarding rules and regulations, and government programs.This person is qualified as they own their own licensed day care. The campus director has a BS in education, two years experience as a Facility Administrator, two years experience as an Operations Manager, five years of managerial experience, and three years of grant writing experience. The vice president offers college level public relations experience, five years of customer service experience, eight years of child care services experience, and extensive knowledge in dance, art, and theatre.The business plan expresses a need for an experienced CPA and expresses that some of the current members need to obtain their Child Care Development Associate credentials, which will be a requirement among future upper-level employees. The business model is very well developed and researched. The plan provides breakdowns of what capital is needed to start-up, maintain the business, and provides an anticipated growth plan for the next three years. The plan also provides information on how many students are required to be enrolled, on an average weekly basis, to break even.Furthermore, the plan provides information for anticipated growth into a franchise consisting of three separate locations. The owner also researched the need for services in the area, the competitors and how to offer services to differentiate the Kid’s College from competitors, and how many â€Å"target† homes were within the ten mile radius. The owner also researched what the projected growth of the community is by researching construc tion of new homes. I believe the services this plan depicts are well-designed to compete with competitors in the surrounding areas.I also think the company has a sound mission statement and has put much thought into how to go about achieving the goals stated in the mission statement. I think this business will attract many clients as the owner intends to be active in the community, form partnerships with local businesses, and offer discounts to clients of partnering businesses. I believe the market segments are accurately targeted. The price the organization will charge for the services they intend to offer will meet this segment’s budget, and there is definitely a need for quality child care services when both parents have a career.The location of the proposed business is in a medical plaza which also houses a fitness center. Clients of the fitness center have already expressed a need for child care services. The company has ideal plans for marketing their services. I think the pre-enrollment drives, waiver of application fees on initial start-up of the business, and community weekends will be a superior way of attracting clients and building a strong reputation.The start-up members provide adequate support for customer service relations and management responsibilities, but I feel as the business grows these areas will need to be strengthened. I also feel the educational instructors and activities instructors need to be implemented as soon as possible so as not to weaken the mission statement and goals of the facility. The plan was very well organized and thought out. The charts provide a detailed break down of revenue which shows that the company will be stable, and make a profit.Further break downs show that a minimum average of thirty four students a week is necessary to break even. The customer demand for child care services in the area is increasing. The owner cites the 2000 Florida Business Census shows there is an annual population growth of 2% per year and with the residential construction that is under way this growth is supposed to reach 14. 6% per year. The existing business plan has room for potential growth if necessary. The employees’ growth is anticipated and encouraged through various incentives.The plan proposes encouraging employees by offering incentives for obtaining quarterly financial and enrollment goals, probationary completion, passing county inspections that may be required, perfect attendance, tuition reimbursement, and customer service awards for those who exceed customer expectations. These incentives will motivate employees in their jobs and increase product quality.References  http://www. bplans. com/child_day_care_services_business_plan/executive_summary_fc. cfm

Early Childhood Education Essay

Throughout history there seems to be a trend that early childhood education was supplementary. Even today we still experience these similar issues. However there are a lot of other issues that come into play in early childhood education. Some issues that prevent children from learning are the child’s culture, learning disabilities, temperament, behavioral problems, and achievement gaps. We cannot control these issues from happening but we can adapt and cater to each child for some of these issues especially observing a child’s temperament. There are nine temperament traits that we should look for according to article 17 of the Annual Editions textbook. This is beneficial so that we can, â€Å"tailor our approach to each child’s cluster of temperament traits. As you tune into temperament, you are likely to become more successful in helping all children adjust to situations and persons in was that promote their social ease and competence. † (Annual Editions #17) Besides observing temperament, achievement gaps can come into play. â€Å"The achievement gap between poor and middle-class black and white children is widely recognized as our most important educational challenge. † (Achievement Gap handout) There are different types of gaps such as the reading gap, the conversation gap, the role model gap, and the health and housing gaps. â€Å"Young children of educated parents are read to more consistently and are encouraged to read more to themselves when they are older. † (Achievement Gap handout) When a child enters preschool or kindergarten, there is an achievement gap already with the reading level of middle and lower class children. This issue unfortunately affects the lower class children dramatically and this is only one of the different issues on the topic of achievement gaps. There are a few individuals that impacted early childhood education significantly and two of them are Maria Montessori and Jean Piaget. Maria Montessori still impacts early childhood education today and there are still Montessori schools all over the world. Montessori was the first woman in Italy to earn a degree in medicine. Her first intention was the study diseases in children but later on became a strong influence in early childhood education. She became so popular at one point she was opening up Montessori schools all over the world and touring as well. Montessori has five principles to her theory. The 1st principle in her theory is having respect for the child. According to the handout on Montessori, â€Å"children are unique individuals† where teachers must respect each child for their differences. The 2nd principle is known as the absorbent mind, the belief that a teacher should not teach them because children can learn on their own instead. This principle is categorized into three stages ranging in ages. From birth to three year old, the child develops their senses from the environment around them. By age three to six years old, the child’s senses are sharpen as they learn more about the world around them. The 3rd principle is known as sensitive periods, when the teacher must step back and be observant of each child in the classroom. When a teacher feels that a student is sensitive to a certain skill then they can learn it. It is time for the teacher to introduce this task. There would be many opportunities afterwards where the child can practice this new task till it is perfected. Finally, the 4th principle is the prepared environment where children can be comfortable and learn best in. The teacher must customize the classroom for children. It is fit to be more convenient for the child to do things for themselves. The goal is to get the child must be independent and to take advantage of the freedom around them. The child will learn to rely less on their teacher but more on themselves. This idea is strongly emphasized in the classroom because Montessori believed that the education should be child centered rather than teacher centered. Even though a school may not be officially be a Montessori school you can find a few ideas that were influenced by her. The prepared environment and respect for the children are definitely things you see at any good school or program. Moving onto the second individual, Jean Piaget was a Swiss philosopher and natural scientist that is famous for his theory of human intellectual development. His theory has four stages of development. The first stage is the Sensori-Motor Stage, which occurs mostly around the age 0 to 2 years old. This stage, â€Å"child relies on touching, feeling, and using his senses to find out about the world. †(Handout on Piaget) The second stage is the Preoperational Stage, which occurs mostly from 2 to 7 years old. During this stage, â€Å"the child still relies on using the senses, but is increasingly able to use language and words to represent things not visible. †(Handout on Piaget) The third stage is the Concrete Operations Stage, which occurs usually around 7 to 11 years old. At this point â€Å"the child is developing the concepts of number, relationships, processes, and more. He is becoming able to think problems through mentally, though still in terms of concrete or real objects rather than in abstractions. † (Handout on Piaget) The fourth stage is the Formal Operations Stage, which happens when the child is 11 years old and older. â€Å"The child is able to proceed a step further; he can now mentally think in terms of concepts and abstractions, rather relying on concrete or real objects. †(Handout on Piaget) There are other good ideas used in classrooms today. These ideas are taken from Piaget’s theories on how children and grow and learn. According to this extraordinary scholar, all children have the curiosity to learn about themselves and the world. If children are stimulated and found the skill interesting then they will learn. Piaget also strongly believed that when teachers provide the material then children are eager to learn. Even today these theories offer guidance for teachers to find different methods to inspire children to learn especially at a young age. Developmentally Appropriate Practice, also known as DAP, is a widely used practice for teachers working with children. In 1987, â€Å"the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) published a widely used position statement about developmentally appropriate practices for serving young children from birth to age 8 in early childhood programs. †(Handout of Early Childhood Programs) However in â€Å"1997 the NAEYC revised the Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs, clarifying the misunderstandings and misinterpretations that arose from a decade of extensive dissemination of the original position statement. There are three dimensions in Developmentally Appropriate Practices and they are age appropriateness, individual appropriateness, and cultural appropriateness. There are numerous ways that they are demonstrated in a pre-K program. Age appropriateness is a common characteristic that is seen in most pre-K programs. â€Å"Developmentally appropriate practice suggests that teachers should not attempt to direct or tightly structure learning experiences and that formal academic instruction at the preschool level should not occur. † (Handout on Early Childhood Programs) Another example is with cultural appropriateness, especially when it has to deal with holidays. Most pre-K programs, unless it’s a non-secular school, go over different holidays and mention which cultures celebrate which particular holiday such as Christmas, Hanukkah and Kwanza. As young children learn about themselves and the world in school, literacy is constantly being exposed and is developing in their minds. It is important that their literacy is developing in their young lives because this also increases their vocabulary and grammar skills. As teachers read aloud to them and provide activities for children, early literacy is expanding their knowledge. Once this is evident, teachers can be on the look out for certain behaviors in children. This allows them to know that children are ready to learn how to read. There are four behaviors to identify and they are handling books, looking and recognizing, comprehending pictures and stories, and reading stories. Other characteristics that occur in children are their loose teeth are falling out as well as putting their arm over the head and being able to touch the ear. (class lecture) Today there are programs that are supporting early literacy for young children. In the film Foundations of Reading and Writing, it stressed how reading should not be taught too early. Alternatively, literacy can be taught in creative ways. In the film, several teachers believed that activities is beneficial for children and will promote early literacy. Block playing and painting are a few examples of activities that help children recognize shapes and colors. This simple activity can assist children to start recognizing letters and putting it in a certain order to create words, such as their name. It is up to us as teachers to promote early literacy and to enhance this development.

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